Copyright and patents
Copyright and
patents, along with trade marks, are the main way that most legal systems explicitly provide for the creation of intellectual property rights and their protection.
Copyright does not automatically subsist in a magic trick per se, or any outcome achieved by way of such tricks. For example, according to
United States copyright law:
In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in such work.[1]
The
description of how a magic trick is performed may constitute a
work of art that can be protected by way of copyright. However, exposing or revealing an explanation for how a magic trick is performed generally does not constitute an act of
copyright infringement. A possible exception is where an exact copy of a description, including details of a particular magician's stage adaptations of the trick, is divulged.
In practical terms, if a magician writes a pamphlet which describes how a trick works, the pamphlet will generally be subject to copyright, but the trick itself will not be. The magician would have the same exclusive rights in the written pamphlet as an author has in a book, but the magician would not be able to prevent people from doing what was described in the pamphlet.
Another potential area of copyright protection for magic creators is through a choreography or pantomime copyright. Although this has yet to be tested in actual case law, a magic effect arguably meets the legal definitions for choreography and pantomime.[
citation needed]
An
invention or process which facilitates the performance of a magic trick is potentially
patentable. However, applying for patent protection requires the public release of information about how the device or process works. Furthermore, when a patent is obtained, it can only be used to prevent a third party from making or using the subject matter of the patent, and could not be used to prevent anyone from revealing how the trick actually works.